RESUMEN
In the uncertain COVID-19 situation, professionals working in education development and learning strategies start to wonder why the situation seems strange or even tough. Institutions got involved, somehow, in online teaching delivery. Most post-secondary institutions worldwide began to use virtual learning or remote synchronous delivery (RSD) as the most applicable method to keep a connection with students in a social-distancing situation. It might be too early to rush to drive solutions or summarize conclusions. The key point is to reach for expressive questions that describe and evaluate the situation in interior design education - an advanced step in the diagnosis of the current situation. This chapter investigates how the current pandemic situation affected teaching methods in the Bachelor of Interior Design (BID) program at University X. The chapter explores remote synchronous delivery in this program with a focus on three core interior design streams: studio, visual communication, and software and technology. As a response to crisis situations, the chapter begins to answer these questions: How did remote synchronous delivery affect interior design education? How can we be prepared for advanced teaching approaches? Will this pandemic lead to innovative approaches in interior design teaching pedagogy? © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.
RESUMEN
Context: There is an unmet clinical need to develop simple, easy, rapid, and accessible testing for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. Recent reports suggested that saliva may be a host for the virus. The existence of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva can be associated with oral manifestations in infected patients. A systematic review was conducted as well as a meta-analysis to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in saliva and investigate the association between positive saliva test and oral manifestations of COVID-19. Evidence acquisition: A literature search in MEDLINE via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane was done in June 2020 and updated in February 2021 using relevant keywords. We screened studies for eligibility. The extracted data were analyzed using Meta-Disc software. Results: Eighteen studies were included. Pooled data from eligible studies showed that the sensitivity of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva was 0.86 (95% CI, 0.83–0.89), and the specificity was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96–0.98). COVID-19 was associated with oral diseases as amblygeustia, dry mouth, dryness, inflammation of the mouth, and enlargement of lymph nodes in the submandibular regions. Conclusions: Our results showed that the saliva has a high accuracy in the detection of SARS-CoV-2. © 2021 Tehran University of Medical Sciences.